Organised crime and systemic corruption make the threat even worse. Islamic extremists exploit smuggling routes, illegal mining, and patronage networks, creating lawless zones where Christians—especially in rural areas—are left exposed and defenceless. Under military rule, state repression has worsened. Christian leaders and activists who dare speak out face surveillance, intimidation, and arbitrary detention.
Converts from Islam are especially vulnerable. They are frequently targeted by extremists and come under pressure from their families and community. Targeted attacks on Christian homes and businesses are used to impoverish families and weaken communities. Christians, particularly converts, are pressured through social rejection or reduced access to jobs or education.