Violent Islamic militant groups also operate across northern Nigeria and into the country’s central region. Some of these groups—including Boko Haram and Islamic State West Africa Province (ISWAP), an offshoot of the Islamic State group— target followers of Jesus and any properties owned by Christians. Other Christians, particularly farmers in Nigeria’s Middle Belt, are confronted by Islamic extremists among the Fulani people who disproportionately attack Christian communities with horrific violence.
In recent years, violence has increased and spilled into southern states. Much of it is perpetrated by Fulani extremists hiding in the forests. Another contributor to insecurity for Christians in the southeast is Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB), a separatist group trying to carve out its own nation. IPOB has also oppressed and persecuted Christians, particularly Christian leaders who do not conform to their ideological requirements.