Churches that fail to fall in line with government protocols—through possessing “unauthorised” materials for example—are in danger of raids, arrests, threats, and heavy fines. It is a different story for Russian Orthodox churches that rarely encounter problems because of their limited engagement with the native Uzbek population. Converts from Islam can face strong opposition from their families and community, particularly those living in rural regions where Islamic and clan identity is strong. Unsurprisingly, many believers feel forced to keep their faith secret.
Church leaders in Uzbekistan are targeted by the authorities to intimidate congregations. Tactics include fines, arrest, physical abuse, and denial of exit visas.