Authorities regard Christianity as a Western religion opposed to communist ideals. Laos’ growing dependence on China has reinforced its commitment to communism, adding to the vulnerability of Christians. In rural areas, traditional practices—generally a mixture of Buddhism and folk religions—often supersede national laws. Christians face surveillance, discrimination, and violence from communities, village leaders, and families. In many cases, believers are deemed to have “upset the spirits”. Persecutors respond by destroying their crops and expelling them from the village. Obstruction to burying loved ones in local cemeteries is a common problem for Christians, adding to their grief.